| |
Jewelry
Item
# 5675 EM
|
Jewelry
(Jewelry in American spelling) comprises ornamental
objects worn by persons, typically made with gems
and precious metals. Costume Jewelry is made from
less valuable materials. However, Jewelry can and
has been made out of almost every kind of material.
The word is derived from the word "jewel",
which was anglicized from the Old French "jouel"
in around the 13th century. Further tracing leads
back to the Latin word "jocale", meaning
plaything.
Some cultures have a practice of keeping large amounts
of wealth stored in the form of Jewelry Jewelry can
also be symbolic, as in the case of Christians wearing
a crucifix in the form of Jewelry, or, as is the case
in many Western cultures, married people wearing a
wedding ring.
Jewelry in various forms has been made and worn by
both sexes in almost every (if not every) human culture,
on every inhabited continent. Personal adornment seems
to be a basic human tendency.
|
Contents
1 Types
1.1 Common types
1.2 Less common types
1.3 Special functions
1.4 Components
2 Material and methods
3 Timeline
4 Famous jewelers
|
|
Types |
|
|
|
|
|
Item
# MA 7193 |
Item
# PD 48 |
Common
types
• anklets (ankle bracelets)
• armlets (upper arm bracelets)
• bracelets
• cuff links
• earrings
• hair ornaments
o hairpins
• necklaces
o chokers
• rings
o promise rings
o engagement rings
o wedding rings
o class rings
• toe rings
• some body piercing Jewelry
o nose-jewels
• some non-piercing body Jewelry
o magnetic earrings
o clip-on earrings
o ear cuffs
|
Less
common types
• belly chains
• brooches
• chatelaines
• head ornaments
o crowns
? circlets
? coronets
o diadems
o tiaras
• thigh bands
• some rings
o annulets
o celibacy vow rings
o signet rings
o thumb rings
• some body piercing Jewelry
o captive beads
o Prince Albert piercings
o Prince's Wands
• some non-piercing body Jewelry
o anal Jewelry
o genital Jewelry
|
Special
functions
• medical alert Jewelry
• mourning Jewelry
• prayer Jewelry
o japa malas
o prayer beads
o prayer ropes
o rosary beads
• puzzle Jewelry
Components
• amulets
• cameos
• emblems
• lockets
• medallions
• pendants
|
Materials
and methods
Item # 7187 des
|
Jewelry,
particularly when made with precious
materials, is generally considered valuable and desirable.
A variety of precious gemstones, coins or other precious
items can be used, often set into precious metals. Common
metals used for Jewelry include gold,
platinum or
silver. Most
gold alloys used in Jewelry range from 10K to 22K gold,
while platinum alloys range from 900 (90% pure) to 950
(95.0% pure). The silver used in Jewelry is often sterling
silver.
Common gemstones that are used include diamonds,
rubies, sapphires, emeralds, and opals. Dozens more are
also commonly used.
Other commonly used materials include glass, such as fused
glass or enamel; wood, often carved or turned; shells
and other natural animal substances such as bone and ivory;
and natural clay and plasticine clays, such as polymer
clay.
Beads are commonly used in Jewelry These may be made of
many different substances including glass, gemstones,
wood, shells, clay and polymer clay. Beaded Jewelry commonly
encompasses necklaces, bracelets, earrings, and belts.
Beads may be large or small. The smallest type of beads
commonly used are known as seed beads; these are the beads
used for the "woven" style of beaded Jewelry
|
Timeline
Item #
6356 |
This
is a timeline of Jewelry production from the first uses
of metal in history to the Renaissance.
• 7000 BC- Uses of copper
in Anatolia, Iran and Eastern Europe.
• 5000 BC - Uses of copper in Egypt.
• 4000 BC - Smelting technology for copper in
Egypt and Iran.
• 3450 BC- Use of natural zinc/copper alloy in
Egypt
• 3500 BC - Gold makes an appearance in Egyptian
Jewelry
• 3000 BC - Egypt and Iran making simple hammered
iron beads
• 3000 BC - The Middle East employ semi-mass-production
• 2000 BC - First signs of the swaging technique
• 2600 BC - Beaded wires began to be used.
• 2500 BC - Egyptians using copper/lead alloys.
• 2500 BC - True iron production technology in
Near East.
• 2500 BC - The intentional addition of silver
and copper to gold.
• 2500 BC - Gold wires are characterized by seam
lines that follow a spiral path along the wire.
• 2000 BC - Use of patterned punches
• 1500 BC - Earplugs and earrings become popular
in Egypt.
• 1400 BC - Egypt Amarna period, using resin and
mud for repoussé backing.
• 1400 BC - Deliberate addition of zinc to copper
in Canaan.
• 1400 BC - Philistines have iron.
• 1400 BC - Very copper rich gold alloys popular
in Egypt.
• 1000 BC- Persian sheet bronze work 0.05mm thick.
• 1000 BC - The start of true engraving.
• 900 BC - The Greeks have iron.
• 700 BC - World's oldest coinage in Lydia.
• 575 BC - In Greece, Jewelry is still very rare.
• 500 BC - Hafted hammers were being used in some
parts.
• 500 BC - Iron in use in Britain
• 400 BC - Greeks using Beeswax for filler in
repoussé.
• 350 BC - Use of combined punches and dies of
bronze.
• 325 BC - Animal or human-headed hoop earrings
were popular.
• 300 BC - Diadems are first seen.
• 300 BC - Red Coral popular in Celtic Jewelry
• AD 50 - Start of the Roman period, where addition
of silver to gold becomes almost unknown.
• AD 100 - Sulphur fills hollow gold items throughout
the Roman Empire.
• AD 150 - Tin rings found in Nubia
• AD 300 - Lead becomes more common in places.
• AD 400 - Pewter Jewelry is made.
• AD 400 - A shale die is found in Britain.
• AD 1500 - The Renaissance
|
Famous
jewelers
• Alias Akaoui--
founder of Akaoui stores in Cairo, Egypt.
• Paola Bulgari-- Chairman of Bulgari.
• Pierre Cartier -- Co-founder of Cartier SA
• Tom Shane-- Founder of The Shane Company and
radio advertisement personality.
• Charles Lewis Tiffany -- founder of Tiffany
& Co.
• Soritios Voulgaris-- founder of Bulgari.
And also……..
|
Item # 7186
• Cubic Zirconia CZ Platinum
Jewelry.COM |
MOOD
RING COLORS |
Anxious.
Nervous.
Harassed.
Strained.
|
Anxious.
Nervous.
Strained.
|
Mixed Emotions.
Unsettled.
Cool.
|
Average
Reading.
Normal.
Not under great stress.
|
Inner Emotions
Charged.
Somewhat Relaxed.
|
Relaxed
and at Ease.
Calm.
Lovable
|
Very Happy.
Love.
Passion.
Romance.
|
BLACK |
YELLOW |
AMBER |
GREEN |
BLUE-GREEN |
BLUE |
DARK
BLUE |
|
|
|
